Articles
On this page I will be adding links to articles that deal mainly with numismatics, specifically fourth century; however there are also a few other topics. I will eventually add all the articles that I have, if you have some scholarly on-topic articles in PDF format and would like to help, email me . Please note that some of these articles are old and may be dated as scholarship always moves forward. A good example of this is Hill's "Barbarous Imitations of Fourth-Century Roman Coins" in which he wrote that these coins were struck in the 5th century. A few years later hoard evidence demonstrated that these coins were contemporary with official coinage and Hill revised his thesis on these coins. I believe it is important to read these earlier works though, so that one may participate in the historical debate. If you enjoyed the articles, please visit my forum for Late Roman Bronze Coins.
Adelson, Howard. “The
Bronze Alloys: The
Bronze Alloys of the Coinage of the Later Roman Empire.”ANSMN
6 (1954) : 111- 129.
Alföldi, Andreas. "A Festival of Isis in Rome under the Christian Emperors of the IVth Century" Institute of Numismatics and Archeology of the Pázmány-University, 1937.
________. “Hasta-Summa Imperii: The Spear as Embodiment of Sovereignty in Rome.” AJA 59 (1963) : 1-27.
________. “The
Helmet
of Constantine with the Christian Monogram.” JRS
22 (1932) : 9-23.
________. “On
the
Foundation of Constantinople: A Few Notes.” JRS 37
(1947) : 10-16.
________. “Die Donaubrücke Constantins des Grossen und verwandte historische Darstellungen auf spätrömischen Münzen” ZfE 36 (1926) : 161- 167.
Aitchison, N. B. “Roman Wealth, Native Ritual: Coin Hoards Within and Beyond Roman Britain.” WorldArch 20, no. 2 (October 1988) : 270-284.
Armstrong, Frederick H. “The Ihnasyah Hoard Re-Examined.” Phoenix 19 (1965) : 51-60.
Austin, N. J. E. “Constantine and Crispus, A.D. 326.” Acta Classica 23 (1980) : 133-138.
Bagnall, R. S. “Fourth Century Prices: New Evidence and Further Thoughts.” ZPE 76 (1989): 37-43.
Barnes, Timothy D. “Legislation Against the Christians.” JRS 58 (1968) : 32-50.
________. “Origen, Aquila, and Eusebius.” HSCP 74 (1970) : 313-316.
________. “Lactantius and Constantine.” JRS 63 (1973) : 29-46.
________. “Publilius Optatianus Porfyrius.” AJP 96, no. 2 (Summer 1975) : 173-186.
________. “Two Senators under Constantine.” JRS 65 (1975) : 40-49.
________. “Sossianus Hierocles and the Antecedents of the ‘Great Persecution’.” HSCP 80 (1976) : 239-252.
________. “Constans and Gratian in Rome” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 79 (1975) : 325-333.
________. “Structure and Chronology in Ammianus, Book 14.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 92 (1989) : 413-422.
________. “Constantine's Prohibition of Pagan Sacrifice.” AJP 105, no. 1 (Spring 1984) : 69-72.
________ . “Constantine and the Christians of Persia.” JRS 75 (1985) : 126-136.
________. “Himerius and the Fourth Century.” CP 82, no. 3 (July 1987) : 206-225.
________. “Statistics and the Conversion of the Roman Aristocracy.” JRS 85 (1995) : 135-147.
________. “The Wife of Maximinus.” CP 94, no. 4 (October 1999) : 459-460.
Barrandon, J., J. P. Callu, and C. Brenot. “The Analysis of Constantinian
Coins (A.D. 313-40) By Non-Destructive Californium 252 ActivationAnalysis.”
Archaeometry 19 (1977) : 173-186.
Bastien, Pierre. “Imitations of Late Roman Bronze Coins, 318-363.” ANSMN 30 (1985) : 143-177.
Baynes, Norman H. “The Decline of the Roman Power in Western Europe. Some Modern Explanations.” JRS 33 (1943) : 29-35.
________. “Three Notes on the Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine.” JRS 15 (1925) : 195-208.
________. “Two Notes on the Great Persecution.” CQ 18 (July-October 1924) : 189-194.
________. “The Date of the Composition of the Historia Augusta.” The Classical Review vol 38, no 7/8 ( Nov-Dec 1924) : 165-169.
Bellinger, Alfred. “A
Constantinian Hoard from Attica.” AJA vol. 32, no. 4
(Oct- Dec 1928) : 496- 501.
Bendall, Simon. “Some Comments on the Anonymous Silver Coinage of the Fourth to Sixth Centuries A.D.” Revue Numismatique 158 (2002) : 139- 159.
Boon, George C. “The Roman Temple at Brean Down, Somerset, and the Dating of Minimissimi.” NC 7 vol 1 (1961) : 191- 1897.
Bowersock, G. W. “From Emperor to Bishop: The Self-Conscious Transformation of Political Power in the Fourth Century A.D.”CP 81(Oct 86) 298-307.
________. “A Report on Arabia Provincia.” JRS vol 61 ( 1971) : 219- 242.
Bradbury, Scott. “Constantine and the Problem of Anti-Pagan Legislation in the Fourth Century.” CP 89, no. 2 (April 1994) : 120-139.
Brogan, Olwen. “Trade between the Roman Empire and the Free Germans.” JRS vol 26, pt 2 (1936) : 195-222.
Brothers, A.J. “Diocletian's Palace at Split.” Greece & Rome 2nd series, vol 19, no. 2 (Oct 1972) : 175-186.
Brown, Peter Lamont. “The Later Roman Empire.” The Economic History Review 20, no. 2 (August 1967) : 327-343.
________ . “Christianity and Local Culture in Late Roman Africa.” JRS 58 (1968) : 85-95.
________ . “The Rise and Function of the Holy Man in Late Antiquity.” JRS 61 (1971) : 80-101.
________. “The Diffusion of Manichaeism in the Roman Empire.” JRS 59, no 1/2 (1969) : 92- 103.
________. “The Saint as Exemplar in Late Antiquity.” Representations no 2 ( Spring 1983) : 1- 25.
Brubaker, Leslie and Helen Tobler. “The Gender of Money: Byzantine Empressess on Coins (324- 802).” Gender & History vol 12, no 3 (Nov 2000): 572- 594.
Bruun, Christer. “The
Thick Neck of the Emperor Constantine. Slimy Snails and
‘Quellenforschung’.”Historia 44, no. 4 (1995) :
459 – 480.
Bruun, Patrick. “Some Dynastic Bronze Coins of Constantine the Great.” Eranos 53 (1955) : 193- 198.
________. “The
Christian
Signs on the Coins of Constantine.” Arctos 3
(1962) : 5- 35.
________. “The
Heraclean
Coinage of Maximinus Daza: A Drastic Proposal.” Studies
in Ancient History and Numismatics Presented to Rudi Thomsen.
Aarhus,Denmark:
Aarhus University Press (1988) : 179-194.
________. “Gloria
Romanorum.” Studia in honorem Iiro Kajanto. Helsinki:
Classical Association of Finland (1985) : 22-31.
________. “The Victorious
Signs of Constantine: A Reappraisal.” NC 157
(1997) : 41-59.
________. “Site Finds and Hoarding Behaviour.” Scripta Nummaria Roman. Essays Presented to Humphrey Sutherland. (1978) : 114-123.
________. “Quantitative Analysis of Hoarding in Periods of Coin Deterioriation.” PACT 5 (1981) : 355-364.
________. “The Battle of the Milvian Bridge: The Date Reconsidered.” Hermes 88 (1960) : 361- 370.
________. “Two Facets of Ancient Monetary Economy: Celtic Imitations and Roman Rigid Formality.” Arctos 30 (1996) : 21-31.
________. “Portrait of a Conspirator, Constantine’s Break with the Tetrarchy.” Arctos 10 (1976) : 5-23.
________. “Notes on the Transmission of Imperial Images in Late Antiquity.” Studia romana in honorem Petri Krarup septuagenarii. (1976) : 122- 131.
________. “Roman Imperial Administration as Mirrored in the Fourth Century Coinage.” Eranos 60 (1962) : 93-100.
________. “The Consecration Coins of Constantine the Great.” Arctos 1 (1954) : 19-31.
________. “Some Dynastic Bronze Coins of Constantine the Great.” Eranos 53 (1955) : 193- 198.
________. “The Roman Census and Romanization under Augustus” Studies in the Romanization of Etruria. Rome: G. Bardi (1975) : 438-503.
________. “Coins and History.” Ancient History Matters. Studies Presented to Jens Erik Skydsgaard on His Seventieth Birthday. (2002) : 259-265.
________. “Constantine's
Change of Dies Imperii.” Arctos 9 (1975) : 11-29.
Burgess, R.W. “THE
SUMMER OF BLOOD. The "Great Massacre" of 337 and the
Promotion of the Sons of Constantine.” Dumbarton Oaks
Papers 62, 2008.
________ . “Principes Cum Tyrannis: Two Studies on the Kaisergeschichte and Its Tradition.” CQ 43, vol. 2 (1993) : 491-500.
Burn, A.R. “Procopius and the Isle of Ghosts.” English Historical Review 70 (1955): 258- 261.
Burnett, Andrew. “Clipped Siliquae and
the End of Roman Britain.” Britannia vol 15 (1984) :
163- 168.
Bursche, Aleksander. “Circulation
of Roman Coinage in Northern Europe in Late Antiquity.”
Histoire & mesure XVII (2002).
________ . “Relations
Between the Late Roman World and Barbarian Europe in Light
of Coin Finds” XIV International Economic History
Congress, Helsinki, 2006.
Bury, J. B. “The
Provincial List of Verona.” JRS 13 (1923) : 127-
151.
Butcher, K. “The
Maidenhatch Farm Hoard of Constantinian Copies.”
NC 152 (1992) : 160-174.
Cameron, Averil. “Constantinus
Christianus.” JRS 73 (1983) : 184-190.
Carson, R. A. G., and J. P. C. Kent. “Constantinian
Hoards and Other Studies in the Later Roman Bronze Coinage.”
NC 16 (1956) : 83-161.
Charlesworth, M.P. “Pietas and
Victoria: The Emperor and the Citizen.” JRS 33, parts 1
& 2 (1943) : 1-10.
Clay, Teresa. “Metallurgy
and Metallography in Numismatics.” NumAntCl 17
(1988) : 341- 352.
Collis, John. “A Typology of Coin
Distributions.” World Archaeology vol 13 no 1 (June
1981) : 122- 128.
Cope, L. H. “The Composition of 35 Roman Bronze Coins of the Period A.D. 284- 363.” Historical Metallurgy1 (1967) : 1- 6.
________. “The Metallurgical Examination of a Debased Silver Coin of Maximinus Daza Issued by Constantine I.” Archaeometry 15 (1973) : 221-228.
________. “Diocletian's
Price
Edict and Second Coinage Reform in the Light of Recent
Discoveries.” NC 17 (1977) : 220-226.
Cullhed, Matts. “Maxentius
as princeps.” OpRom 17 (1989) : 9-19.
de Ste. Croix, G. E. M. “Why
Were the Early Christians Persecuted?” Past &
Present 26 (Nov 1963) : 6-38.
Deraisme, Beck, Pilon and Barrandon. “A Study of the
Silvering Process of the Gallo- Roman Coins Forged During
the Third Century AD.” Archaeometry 48, 3 (2006): 469-
480.
Downey, Glanville. “Education
in the Christian Roman Empire: Christian and Pagan
Theories under Constantine and His Successors.”
Speculum vol 32, no 1 (Jan 1957) : 48-61.
Drake, H.A. “What Eusebius Knew: The Genesis of the Vita Constantini.” CP 83, no. 1 (January 1988) : 20-38.
________. “Lambs into Lions: Explaining Early Christian Intolerance.” PastPres 153. (November 1996) : 3-36.
________. “Constantine and Consensus.” Church History 64, no.1 (1995) : 1-15.
________. “Policy and Belief in Constantine's Oration to the Saints.” Studia Patristica 19 (1989) : 45-51.
________. “Suggestions
of
Date in Constantine's Oration to the Saints.” AJP
106, no. 3 (Autumn 1985) : 335-349.
Dunning, Mark. “First
Christian
Symbols on Roman Imperial Coins.” The Celator 17
(December 2003) : 6-26.
Eadie, John. “The
Development of Roman Mailed Cavalry.” JRS vol 57, no.
1/2 (1967) : 161-173.
Edmondson, J. C. “Mining in the Later Roman Empire and beyond: Continuity or Disruption?” JRS 79 (1989) : 84-102.
Ehrhardt, Christopher. “Monumental Evidence for the Date of Constantine's First War against Licinius.” Ancient World 23 (1992) : 87-94.
Elliot,
T. G. “Constantine's
Conversion. Do We Really Need It?” Phoenix 41
(1987) : 420-438.
________. “Constantine's Early Religious Development.” Journal of Roman History 15 (1989) : 283-291.
________. “Constantine's Explanation of His Career.” Byzantion 2 (1992) : 212-234.
________. “The Language of Constantine's Propaganda.” TAPA 120 (1990) : 349-353.
Epstein, Jeremiah. “Pre-Columbian Old World Coins in America: An Examination of the Evidence.” Current Anthropolgy vol 21, no 1 (Feb 1980) : 1- 20.
Erim, Kenan T., Joyce Reynolds, and Michael Crawford. “Diocletian's Currency Reform: A New Inscription.” JRS 61 (1971) : 171-177.
Fowden, Garth. “The Last Days of Constantine: Oppositional Versions and Their Influence.” JRS 84 (1994) : 146-170
Frantz, Alison M. “The Provenance of the Open Rho in the Christian Monograms.” AJA 33 (January- March 1929) : 10-26.
Frend, W. H. C. “The Failure of the Persecutions in the Roman Empire.” PastPres 16 (November 1959) : 10-30.
________. “Pagans,
Christians and the 'Barbarian Conspiracy' of A. D. 367 in
Roman Britain.” Britain 23 (1992) : 121-131.
Frothingham, A. L. “Who Built the Arch of Constantine? Its History from Domitian to Constantine.” AJA 16, no.2 (July- September 1912) : 368-386.
________. “Who
Built the Arch of Constantine? IV. The Eight
Medallions of Domitian.” AJA 19, no.4 (Oct- December
1915) : 367-384.
________. “Diocletian and Mithra in the Roman Forum.” AJA vol 18, no 2 (Apr – Jun 1914) : 146-155.
Georgacas, Demetrius John. “The Names
of Constantinople.” TAPA 78 (1947) : 347-367.
Goffart, Walter. “Rome,
Constantinople, and the Barbarians.” AHR 86, no. 2
(April 1981) : 275-306.
Gray, E. W. “The
Roman Eastern Limes from Constantine to Justinian:
Perspectives and Problems.” PACA 12 (1973) : 24- 40.
Grégoire, H. “About
Licinius’ Fiscal and Religious Policy.” Byzantion 13
(1938) : 551- 560.
Guthrie, P. “The
Execution of Crispus.” Phoenix 20, no. 4 (1966) : 325-
331.
Harl, Kenneth W. “Marks of
Value on Tetrarchic Nummi and Diocletian's Monetary Policy.”
Phoenix 39, no. 3 (1985) : 263- 275.
Harries, Jill. “The Roman
Imperial Quaestor from Constantine to Theodosius II.”
JRS 78 (1988) : 148-172.
Harrison, Evelyn B. “The
Constantinian Portrait.” DOP 21 (1967) : 79-96
Hendy, M. “Mint
and Fiscal Administration under Diocletian, His Colleagues
and His Successors: A.D. 305- 324.” JRS 62 (1972)
: 75- 82.
Hill, P. V. “Barbarous
Imitations of Fourth-Century Roman Coins.” NC 10 (1950)
: 233- 270.
Hoey, Allan. “Official Policy towards Oriental Cults in the Roman Army.” TAPA 70 (1939) : 456-481.
Howgego, Christopher. "The Supply and Use of Money in the Roman 200 B.C. to A.D. 300." JRS 82 (1992): 1- 31.
Huvelin, Helene. “Les Deux Emissions Londoniennes.” NZ 101 (1990) 29-50.
Isaac, Benjamin. “The Meaning of the Terms Limes and Limitanei.” JRS 78 (1988): 125-147.
Jones, A. H. M. “The Origin and Early History of the Follis.” JRS 49 (1959) : 34-38.
________. “Census Records of the Later Roman Empire.” JRS 43 (1953) : 49-64.
________. “Slavery in the Ancient World.” The Economic History Review vol 9, no 2 (1956) : 185- 199.
________. “Inflation Under the
Roman Empire.” The Economic History Review vol 5, no 3
(1953) : 293- 318.
________. “The Roman Civil Service (Clerical and Sub-Clerical Grades).” JRS vol 39, parts 1 & 2 (1949) : 38- 55.
________. & T. C. Skeat. “Notes on the Genuineness of the Constantinian Documents in Eusebius's Life of Constantine.” JEH 5 (1954) : 196-200.
Jordan, David P. “Gibbon's
‘Age of Constantine’ and the Fall of Rome.” History and
Theory 8, no. 1 (1969) : 71-96.
Kent, J. P. C. Anglo-Saxon
Coins; studies presented to F.M. Stenton on the occasion of
his 80th Birthday, 17 May, 1960.
Keyes, Clinton Walker. “The
Date of the Laterculus Veronensis.” CP 11, no. 2
(April 1916): 196-201.
King, C. E. “The Alloy Content of Folles and Imitations from the Woodeaton Hoard.” PACT 1 (1977) : 86-100.
________. “The Woodeaton (Oxfordshire) Hoard and the Problem of Constantinian Imitations, A.D. 330-41.” NC 18 (1978) : 38- 65.
King, C. E., and A. Spaer. “A Hoard of Coins from Northern Sinai.” NC 17 (1977) : 64-74.
Kos, Peter. The Carthage Aes Nummi of the First Tetrarchy. Studia Numismatica Labacensia (1988) 99-108.
Kraemer, Casper J., and Theodore G. Miles. “An Early Fourth Century Hoard from Egypt: Constantine I.” ANSMN 5 (1952) : 65-88.
MacCormack, S. “Roma, Constantinopolis, the Emperor, and His Genius.” CQ 25, no. 1 (May 1975) : 131-150.
Mackay, Christopher S. “Lactantius and the Succession to Diocletian.” CP 94, no. 2. (April 1999) : 198-209.
MacMullen, Ramsay. “Constantine and the Miraculous.” Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 9 (1968) : 81- 96.
________. “Personal
Power
in the Roman Empire.” AJP 107, no. 4 (Winter 1986) :
512-524.
Malosse, Pierre-Louis. “Libanius on
Constantine Again.” CQ 47, no. 2 (1997) : 519-524.
Matthews, Victor. “Some Puns on Roman 'Cognomina'.” Greece & Rome 2nd series, vol 20, no 1 (Apr 1973): 20-24.
Mattingly, Harold. “Hoards of Roman Coins Found in Britain: And a Coin Survey of the Roman Province.” JRS 22 part 1 (1932) : 88-95.
________. “Ancient Coins and the Classics.” Greece & Rome vol 1 no 2 (Feb 1932): 74- 78.
________.“TheFirst_Age
of Roman Coinage.” JRS vol 35, parts 1 & 2 (1945):
65- 77.
Metcalf, D. M. “What Has
Been Achieved Through the Application of Statistics to
Numismatics?” PACT 5 (1981) : 3-24.
Milne, J. G. “The
Shops of the Roman Mint of Alexandria.” JRS 8
(1918) : 154-178.
________. “A Hoard of Constantinian Coins from Egypt.” Journal international d’ archéologie numismatique 16 (1914) : 1-27.
________. “Roman Literary Evidence on the Coinage.” JRS 28 (1938) : 70-74.
________. “Two Roman Hoards of Coins from Egypt.” JRS 10 (1920) : 169-184.
________. “Woodeaton
Coins.” JRS 21 (1931) : 101-109.
Mitchell, Stephen. “Maximinus
and the Christians in A.D. 312: A New Latin Inscription.”
JRS 78 (1988) : 105-124.
Moisil, Delia. “The
Danube Limes and the Barbaricum (294-498 A.D.) A Study In
Coin Circulation.” Histoire & mesure XVII (2002).
Nischer, E. C. “The
Army Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine and Their
Modifications up to the Time of the Notitia Dignitatum.”JRS
13 (1923) : 1-55.
Nixon, C. E. V. “Constantinus Oriens Imperator: Propaganda and Panegyric. On Reading Panegyric 7 (307).” Historia 42, no. 2 (1993) : 229-246.
________. “The ‘Epiphany’ of the Tetrarchs? An Examination of Mamertinus' Panegyric of 291.” TAPA 111 (1981) : 157-166.
Nock, Arthur Darby. “The Emperor's
Divine Comes.” JRS 37 (1947) : 102-116.
Noe, Sydney P. “Hoard
Evidence and Its Importance.” Hesperia Supplements
8 (1949) : 235-242.
Odahl, Charles. “Constantinian Coin Motifs in Ancient Literary Sources.” JRMMRA 7 (1986) : 1-15.
________. “Christian
Symbols on Constantine's Siscia Helmet Coins.” SAN
7, no. 4 (Fall 1977) : 56-58.
________. “The
Celestial Sign on Constantine's Shields at the Battle of the
Milvian Bridge.” JRMMRA 2 (1981) : 15-28.
________. “The Use of Apocalyptic Imagery in Constantine's Christian Propaganda.” Centerpoint 4, no. 3 (1981) : 9-19.
________. “Eschatological Interpretation of Constantine's Labarum Coin.” SAN 6,no. 3 (1975) :47-51.
________. “A Pagan’s Reaction to Constantine’s Conversion: Religious References in the Trier Panegyric of A.D. 313.” Ancient World 21 (1990) : 45-63.
________. “The
Christian
Basilicas of Constantinian Rome.” Ancient World
26, no. 1 (1995) : 3-28.
Parker H. M. D. “The
Legions of Diocletian and Constantine.” JRS 23
(1933) : 175-189.
Pitts, Lynn F. “Relations
Between Rome and the German ‘Kings’ on the Middle Danube in
the First to Fourth Centuries A.D.” JRS 79 (1989)
: 45- 58.
Pohlsander, Hans A. “Constantia.”
Ancient Society 24 (1993) : 151-167.
Ravetz, A. “Neutron
Activation Analysis of Silver in Some Late Roman Copper
Coins.” Archaeometry 6 (1963): 46- 55.
Reece, Richard. “Roman
Coinage in the Western Empire.” Britannia 4 (1973)
: 227-251.
________. “Interpreting Roman Hoards.” WorldArch 20, no. 2 (October 1988) : 261-269.
________. “Roman Currency: New Thoughts and Problems.” WorldArch 6, no. 3 (February 1975) : 299-306.
________. “Site-Finds in Roman
Britain.” Britannia 26 (1995) : 179-206.
Rees, Roger. “Images
and Image: A Re-Examination of Tetrarchic Iconography.”
GR 40, no. 2 (October 1993) : 181-200.
ReVelle, Charles S. and Kenneth E.
Rosing. “Defendens
Imperium Romanum: A Classical Problem in Military Strategy.”
The American Mathematical Monthly vol 107, no 7 (Aug. - Sep.
2000): 585-594.
Richardson, Gavin T. “The ‘Barbarian/Hut’
Centenionalis and Vergilian Iconography.” Vergilius 54
(2008): 70-96.
Rodgers, Barbara Saylor. “Constantine's Pagan Vision.” Byzantion 50 (1980) : 259-278.
Rostovtzeff, M. “Vexillum and
Victory.” JRS 32 (1942) : 92-106.
Rowland, Robert. “Saturn, Saturninus, and the Socii.” Classical Philology (Jul 1967): 185-189.
Seeck, O. “Neue und alte Daten zur Geschicte Diocletians und Constantins.” Rheinisches Museum 62 (1907) 489- 535.
Segrè, Angelo. “A
Note on the Classes of Roman Officials in the Age of
Diocletian.” TAPA 74 (1943): 102-108.
Seston, W. “Constantine
as a ‘Bishop’.” JRS 37 (1947) : 127-131.
Sharma, V.C. and B.V. Kharbade. “Sodium Tripolphosphate; A
Safe Sequestering Agent for the Treatment of Excavated
Copper Objects.” Studies in Conservation vol 39 issue
1 (Feb 1994): 39- 44.
Shotter, David. “Roman
Historians and the Roman Coinage.” GR 25, no. 2
(Oct 1978) : 156-168.
________. “Gods,
Emperors, and Coins.” GR 26, no. 1 (April 1979) :
48-57.
Smith, R. R. R. “The Public
Image of Licinius I: Portrait Sculpture and Imperial
Ideology in the Early Fourth Century.” JRS 87
(1997) : 170-202.
Speidel, Michael. “A
Horse Guardsman in the War between Licinius and Constantine.”
Chiron 25 (1995) : 83-87.
________. “Roman Army Pay
Scales.” JRS Vol. 82 (1992): 87-106.
Starr, Chester G. “Aurelius
Victor: Historian of Empire.” AHR 61, no. 3.
(April 1956) : 574-586.
Stewartby, Lord. "Coins of the Mint of London from the Boursies Hoard (313/14)." Revue Numismatique 36 (1994) 90- 108.
Sutherland, C. H. V. "Some
Political
Notions in Coin Types Between 294 and 313.” JRS 53
(1963) : 14-20.
________. “Denarius
and Sestertius in Diocletian's Coinage Reform.”
JRS 51 (1961) : 94-97.
________. “Diocletian's Reform of the Coinage: A Chronological Note.” JRS 45 (1955) : 116-118.
________. “The
Historical Evidence of Greek and Roman Coins.” GR
9, no. 26 (February 1940) : 65-80.
________.“The Intelligibility of Roman Imperial Coin Types.” JRS vol 49, parts 1 & 2 (1959): 46- 55.
________.“The
Silver Content of Diocletian’s Early Post-Reform Copper
Coins.” Archaeometry vol 4, issue 1 (June 1960): 56- 60.
Svoronos, J. N. “The Delos Hoard.” Journal international d’ archéologie numismatique 12 (1910) : 153-193.
Syme, R. “The
Ancestry of Constantine.” Bonner Historia- Augusta-
Colloquium 1971 (1974) : 237- 253.